Signs Of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Research Articles

Differences in predictive factors for post-traumatic stress disorder encompassing partial PTSD and full PTSD: a cross-sectional study among individuals exposed to the November 13, 2015 Paris attacks.

When faced with a surge of physically injured individuals, especially following a traumatic event like an attack, frontline practitioners prioritize early triage. Detecting potential psychological injuries soon after such events remains challenging. Some individuals might develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) according to DSM-V criteria. Others may exhibit PTSD symptoms without meeting full diagnostic criteria, termed partial or sub-syndromal PTSD, a less-explored area in literature. This study aims to identify predictive factors for both full and partial PTSD. In a cohort of victims of the 2015 Paris attacks, multinomial logistic regressions explored predictive factors for partial or full PTSD status 8 to 18 months post-attacks. Analyses considered pre, peri, and posttraumatic factors chosen from literature review and univariate analysis within each group. Within the cohort, 50 individuals showed no signs of PTSD, 35 experienced partial PTSD, and 30 presented with full PTSD. After logistic regression, risk factors associated with full PTSD included a history of trauma (OR = 1.30, CI [1.02-1.66], p < 0.05), the intensity of peri-traumatic physical reactions (OR = 1.22, CI [1.09-1.36], p < 0.001), the difficulties in suppressing intrusive thoughts (OR = 1.11, CI [1.02-1.21], p < 0.013). Only the intensity of peri-traumatic physical reactions emerged as a risk factor for partial PTSD (OR = 1.13, [CI 1.02-1.24], p < 0.001). This study revealed that a history of trauma, the intensity of peri-traumatic physical reactions (e.g., tachycardia, trembling, flushes, numbness.), and the difficulties in suppressing intrusive thoughts constitute risk factors for the development of full PTSD. Moreover, the study identified that only the intensity of peri-traumatic physical reactions emerged as a risk factor for partial PTSD. These findings seem to underscore the significance of peri-traumatic experiences in influencing the development of post-traumatic stress symptoms. This study emphasizes the significance of examining peri-traumatic reactions in PTSD development, suggesting its potential as a straightforward screening tool for post-traumatic stress disorder. It also underscores the influence of prior traumatic experiences, before de novo traumatization, in shaping vulnerability to PTSD and illuminates the crucial role of compromised control of intrusive thoughts that could perpetuate PTSD.

Зв’язок способу життя і ментального здоров’я дітей міста Києва на другому році війни

The aim of the study was to research changes in the daily routine and learning of schoolchildren during the war and their association with mental health. Materials and methods: A study of daily routines and mental health of schoolchildren in Kyiv was conducted using an online questionnaire. Informed consent was obtained from parents. For analyzing 1417 questionnaires were selected (743 boys, 674 girls). The study of responses to the questionnaires made it possible to determine the weekly duration of physical activity (PA) of light (LPA) and moderate and high-intensity physical activity (MVPA), the duration of sedentary activity (SB) and sleep, as well as to determine the gradation of anxiety-depressive indicators and signs of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The formats of the learning process were evaluated (full-time, distance, mixed). The data obtained were also compared with the data at the beginning of the full-scale invasion. Statistical methods of data obtained were used. Results: The study showed that during the war, Kyiv schoolchildren’s daily routine and level of physical activity changed. In the spring of 2023, (47.0±1.4)% of Kyiv schoolchildren had full-time learning, (19.3±1.1)% - in distance learning, (32.9±1.3_% - in mixed learning, in contrast to 2022, when children learned mainly in a distance format. In 2023, there was a 6.4% decrease in sleep duration compared to 2022. Additionally, there was a 19.2% increase in total physical activity due to LPA, while conversely, there was a 17.7% decrease in MVPA. In 2022, 23.1% of school-age children had the optimal level of MVPA (60 min/day), while in 2023, this percentage decreased to 11.3% (p&lt;0.001). The proportion of children with anxiety, depression indicators and PTSD in 2023 was 10.5%, 26.4%, and 13.9%, respectively. In the presence of signs of depression and/or anxiety, schoolchildren demonstrated a decrease in all types of physical activity, a reduction in sleep duration, and, conversely, an increase of SB. Conclusions: Further research is needed to study the impact of lifestyle on the mental health of schoolchildren during the war, given the decreased duration of MVPA in Kyiv schoolchildren against the background of increased level of depression indicators. This will enable the identification of at-risk groups and the implementation of comprehensive measures to assist children in adapting during humanitarian emergencies.

ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОВЕДЕНИЯ И ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ РЕАКЦИИ ДЕТЕЙ ПРИ ПОЖАРЕ

The article presents an analysis of the psychological characteristics of behavior and physiological reactions of children in a fire. Statistics on the number of fires and deaths of children from them in the Russian Federation are given. Some signs of post-traumatic stress disorder in children arising after a fire are considered. It is determined that the main causes of death of children are their careless behavior and inability to act correctly in case of fire. It is proposed to pay more attention to preventive work on teaching children fire safety rules, with the mandatory inclusion of practical classes on fire actions in the programs of children's institutions

Forecasts regarding mental disorders in people in the post-war period

BackgroundIn connection with the onset of difficult times associated with the war, Ukrainians are exposed to traumatic factors for mental health. The research is relevant in connection with the real threat to the mental state of the population in the long term, because this type of disease can be in a latent phase for a long time. ObjectiveThe purpose of the study is to record the specifics of the impact of the war on the psyche of Ukrainian citizens, which also includes the hypothetical post-war situation in the country. MethodsThe method of typological analysis identified six main mental disorders that can be caused by war. As an analysis of the current situation in the country, an appropriate psychodiagnostic technique was selected for each disorder. To predict the future situation in the post-war period, a comparison method was used, based on recording the experience of countries that have passed the stage of ending the conflict. ResultsIt was found that approximately half of the interviewees have signs of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), adjustment disorder, depression, anxiety disorders, and somatoform disorders. But signs of dependence on psychoactive substances were observed in about a quarter of those surveyed. Women were more prone to PTSD, anxiety and somatoform disorders, and men to addiction to psychoactive substances. Risk factors that may cause further complication of the situation with mental illnesses in post-war Ukraine were highlighted. ConclusionThe results of the study are relevant for state and non-state organizations related to activities aimed at psychological or psychiatric assistance to the population.

Mental health and lifestyles of students during the war

Annotation. The article examines the peculiarities of the mental health, well-being and lifestyle of students of various specialties during wartime, with an emphasis on medical students. The study aims to assess the characteristics of behavioral factors, the educational process and students' mental health in the dynamics during the war. In April-June 2022 and 2023, an online survey of students of 12 universities of Ukraine (n=415, female gender 57.4%, average age 17.9±0.03 years) was conducted. QRAPH, RCADS-25, and CATS questionnaires were used. The article presents the results of variance analysis, analyzed conjugation tables, conducted correlation analysis using the STATISTICA 8.0 program. Odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) were calculated using MedCalc. In 2023, 30.8±2.7% of students had signs of anxiety, 33.9±2.8% had signs of depression, and 42.2±2.9% had signs of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The largest proportion of persons with anxiety and depression was among medical students (52.8±5.9%). A trend towards a decrease in anxiety and depressive symptoms among students of all majors compared to the previous year was revealed. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in the proportion of students with clinical signs of PTSD by 10.8% (χ2=6.4; p&lt;0.05). In 2023, there was also a decrease in the duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sleep and an increase in light physical activity and sedentary behavior. It was found that 60 min/day of MVPA reduced the chances of developing depressive symptoms by 2.7 times (p&lt;0.001). For anxiety disorders, this probability was 1.8 times (p&lt;0.01). The obtained results indicate the importance of maintaining mental health and an active lifestyle among students, especially during wartime. In order to preserve the health and working capacity of students, it is necessary to carry out constant monitoring of both behavioral factors and indicators of mental health with the development and implementation of hypodynamia preventive measures.

Representation Signs of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Smile Film by Parker Finn

Abstract: This research focuses on understanding the signs that portray Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in the film Smile, employing Charles Sander Pierce's triadic sign theory framework, encompassing Representamen, Object, and Interpretant. The research methodology employed is a qualitative descriptive approach, with textual and visual data forming the basis for analysis. The primary data sources include images and transcripts from the film Smile, released in 2022. The film Smile, directed by Parker Finn, was chosen as the representative work due to its successful portrayal of an individual's experience with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. This representation involves various types of signs that depict the psychological state of the character Rose. The analysis is conducted using a sign analysis approach within the context of the film. Through this analysis,  can comprehend how trauma is represented, interpreted, and processed in an individual's mind and emotions through the various signs that manifest in the film.

ПОСТСТРЕССОВЫЕ РЕАКЦИИ И РАССТРОЙСТВА У УЧАСТНИКОВ ВОЙНЫ В АРЦАХЕ / POST-STRESS REACTIONS AND DISORDERS AMONG THE PARTICIPANTS OF THE WAR IN ARTSAKH

Relevance: Psychological trauma and stress-related disorders represent the primary challenges in modern psychiatry, notably acute stress disorder (ASD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In the context of contemporary fifth-generation warfare, combat trauma assumes particular signifi-cance, evident in the nature of resulting mental disorders. The aim: To examine the main forms of psychopathological disorders among 44-day Artsakh war participants. Material, methods: A total of 104 war veterans aged 18-50 were examined using clinical-psychopathological, laboratory, instrumental, and psychological methods, including the SCL-90-R, Mississippi PTSD scale, and Shmishek Personality Scale. Results: Among the participants, 77 individuals (74%) exhibited ASD, while 27 individuals (26%) displayed depressive and psychotic disorders, etc. Additionally, 39 participants (37.5%) showed signs of PTSD in its earliest stages of pathological development. The most prevalent personali-ty accentuation type observed was the exalted type (69 individuals, 66.3%). %). The statistical analy-sis unveiled significant differences in the expression of factors measured by the SCL-90-R, Mississippi-an, and Shmishek questionnaires. These differences were dependent on the combatants' age, type of military engagement, and the timing of hospital admission. Discussion: All forms of psychopathological disorders stemmed from an unique combat trauma, which, in this case, is characterized by its "invisibility, inaccessibility of the source of trauma, its reali-ty, and tangibility." The boundaries between post-trauma clinical manifestations are amorphous, overlapping, and do not correspond to the chronological criteria outlined in the ICD and DSM. Combat trauma acts as a catalyst for all post-trauma disorders. Conclusion: The atypical nature of trauma undermines the conventional criteria for PTSD and ASD. Chronological criteria fail to align with clinical realities, revealing challenges in distinguishing between ASD and PTSD. The findings suggest the existence of peritraumatic stress disorders, which encompass all post-trauma conditions.

The mental health impact of COVID-19 on pre-registration nursing students in Australia: Findings from a national cross-sectional study.

The study aimed to measure and describe the mental health impact of COVID-19 on Australian pre-registration nursing students. The COVID -19 pandemic has had a swift and significant impact on nursing students across the globe. The pandemic was the catalyst for the closure of schools and universities across many countries. This necessary measure caused additional stressors for many students, including nursing students, leading to uncertainty and anxiety. There is limited evidence available to identify the mental health impact of COVID-19 on Australian pre-registration nursing students currently. A cross-sectional study was conducted across 12 Australian universities. Using an anonymous, online survey students provided demographic data and self-reported their stress, anxiety, resilience, coping strategies, mental health and exposure to COVID-19. Students' stress, anxiety, resilience, coping strategies and mental health were assessed using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, the Brief Resilience Scale, the Brief Cope and the DASS-21. Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted to investigate whether stress, anxiety, resilience and coping strategies explained variance in mental health impact. Ethical Approval was obtained from the University of New England Human Research Ethics Committee (No: HE20-188). All participating universities obtained reciprocal approval. Of the 516 students who completed the survey over half (n=300, 58.1%) reported mental health concerns and most students (n=469, 90.9%) reported being impacted by COVID-19. Close to half of students (n=255, 49.4%) reported signs of post-traumatic stress disorder. Mental health impact was influenced by students' year level and history of mental health issues, where a history of mental health and a higher year level were both associated with greater mental health impacts. Students experienced considerable disruption to their learning due to COVID-19 restrictions which exacerbated students' distress and anxiety. Students coped with COVID-19 through focusing on their problems and using strategies to regulate their emotions and adapt to stressors. The COVID-19 pandemic has considerably impacted pre-registration nursing students' mental health. Strategies to support nursing students manage their mental health are vital to assist them through the ongoing pandemic and safeguard the recruitment and retention of the future nursing workforce. This study adds an Australian understanding to the international evidence that indicates student nurses experienced a range of negative psychosocial outcomes during COVID-19. In this study, we found that students with a pre-existing mental health issue and final-year students were most affected. The changes to education in Australian universities related to COVID-19 has caused distress for many nursing students. Australian nursing academics/educators and health service staff need to take heed of these results as these students prepare for entry into the nursing workforce. The study was designed to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of undergraduate nursing students in Australia. Educators from several universities were involved in the design and conduct of the study. However, the study did not include input from the public or the intended participants.

ПОСТТРАВМАТИЧЕСКОЕ СТРЕССОВОЕ РАССТРОЙСТВО И ЕГО КОРРЕКЦИЯ

The analysis of studies on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been carried out. The main signs of PTSD, the features of their pronounced negative impact on a person's personality and life are highlighted. Methods of psychocorrection are considered

The impact of COVID-19 on the wellbeing of the UK nursing and midwifery workforce during the first pandemic wave: A longitudinal survey study

BackgroundThe specific challenges experienced by the nursing and midwifery workforce in previous pandemics have exacerbated pre-existing professional and personal challenges, and triggered new issues. We aimed to determine the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the UK nursing and midwifery workforce and identify potential factors associated with signs of post-traumatic stress disorder. MethodsA United Kingdom national online survey was conducted at three time-points during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic between April and August 2020 (T1 and T2 during initial wave; T3 at three-months following the first wave). All members of the UK registered and unregistered nursing and midwifery workforce were eligible to participate. The survey was promoted via social media and through organisational email and newsletters.The primary outcome was an Impact of Events Scale-Revised score indicative of a post-traumatic stress disorder diagnosis (defined using the cut-off score ≥33). Multivariable logistic regression modelling was used to assess the association between explanatory variables and post-traumatic stress disorder. ResultsWe received 7840 eligible responses (T1- 2040; T2- 3638; T3- 2162). Overall, 91.6% participants were female, 77.2% were adult registered nurses, and 28.7% were redeployed during the pandemic.An Impact of Events Scale-Revised score ≥33 (probable post-traumatic stress disorder) was observed in 44.6%, 37.1%, and 29.3% participants at T1, T2, and T3 respectively. At all three time-points, both personal and workplace factors were associated with probable post-traumatic stress disorder, although some specific associations changed over the course of the pandemic. Increased age was associated with reduced probable post-traumatic stress disorder at T1 and T2 (e.g. 41–50 years at T1 odds ratio (OR) 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42–0.86), but not at T3. Similarly, redeployment with inadequate/ no training was associated with increased probable post-traumatic stress disorder at T1 and T2, but not at T3 (T1 OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.06–1.77; T3 OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.89–1.55). A lack of confidence in infection prevention and control training was associated with increased probable post-traumatic stress disorder at all three time-points (e.g. T1 OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.11–1.97). ConclusionA negative psychological impact was evident 3-months following the first wave of the pandemic. Both personal and workplace are associated with adverse psychological effects linked to the COVID-19 pandemic.These findings will inform how healthcare organisations should respond to staff wellbeing needs both during the current pandemic, and in planning for future pandemics.

Quality of life and functional status of patients treated with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at 6 months.

Quality of life (QoL) outcomes of patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have been conflicting. This study reports on QoL outcomes for a broad group of ARDS patients managed with up-to-date treatment modalities. We prospectively recruited patients at a quaternary hospital in the United Kingdom from 2013 to 2015 who were treated with ECMO for ARDS. We evaluated their pulmonary function and QoL at 6-months after admission using three QoL instruments: EuroQoL 5D (EQ-5), HADS, and PTSS-14. Forty-three patients included in the analysis had near-normal pulmonary function at 6 months. HADS showed moderate-to-severe anxiety and depression in 32% and 11% of patients, respectively. PTSS-14 showed 29% had signs of post-traumatic stress disorder. EQ-5D showed that 67% of patients had difficulty returning to usual activities, 74% suffered some pain, none reported severe problems and 77% were able to return to work. No clinical or demographic variables were associated with poor 6-month QoL. Patients with ARDS treated with ECMO generally had good QoL outcomes, similar to outcomes reported for patients managed without ECMO. With respect to QoL, VV-EMCO represents a valid treatment modality for patients with refractory ARDS.

COVID-19 cognitive deficits after respiratory assistance in the subacute phase: A COVID-rehabilitation unit experience.

IntroductionCOVID-19 complications can include neurological, psychiatric, psychological, and psychosocial impairments. Little is known on the consequences of SARS-COV-2 on cognitive functions of patients in the sub-acute phase of the disease. We aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on cognitive functions of patients admitted to the COVID-19 Rehabilitation Unit of the San Raffaele Hospital (Milan, Italy).Material and methods87 patients admitted to the COVID-19 Rehabilitation Unit from March 27th to June 20th 2020 were included. Patients underwent Mini Mental State Evaluation (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Data were divided in 4 groups according to the respiratory assistance in the acute phase: Group1 (orotracheal intubation), Group2 (non-invasive ventilation using Biphasic Positive Airway Pressure), Group3 (Venturi Masks), Group4 (no oxygen therapy). Follow-ups were performed at one month after home-discharge.ResultsOut of the 87 patients (62 Male, mean age 67.23 ± 12.89 years), 80% had neuropsychological deficits (MoCA and MMSE) and 40% showed mild-to-moderate depression. Group1 had higher scores than Group3 for visuospatial/executive functions (p = 0.016), naming (p = 0.024), short- and long-term memory (p = 0.010, p = 0.005), abstraction (p = 0.024), and orientation (p = 0.034). Group1 was younger than Groups2 and 3. Cognitive impairments correlated with patients’ age. Only 18 patients presented with anosmia. Their data did not differ from the other patients. FIM (<100) did not differ between groups. Patients partly recovered at one-month follow-up and 43% showed signs of post-traumatic stress disorder.ConclusionPatients with severe functional impairments had important cognitive and emotional deficits which might have been influenced by the choice of ventilatory therapy, but mostly appeared to be related to aging, independently of FIM scores. These findings should be integrated for correct neuropsychiatric assistance of COVID-19 patients in the subacute phase of the disease, and show the need for long-term psychological support and treatment of post-COVID-19 patients.

The Management of Burn Pain in a Pediatric Burns-Specialist Hospital.

Appropriate pain management for children who have experienced an acute burn injury is critical to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential morbidities. With 60% of our patients being under the age of 4years, pain management is crucial in reducing pain and anxiety in both patients and parents. It is imperative that appropriate pain relief is commenced from initial contact with healthcare workers as this will affect the success or failure of future wound procedures. Uncontrolled pain can negatively affect a patient, both short and long term. It may cause anticipatory anxiety for future medical procedures, increased pain and anxiety can decrease wound re-epithelialization which can lead to long-term consequences for growth and mobility, and increased pain can also influence the possibility of patients and families displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder. Pain management in the form of pharmaceuticals is imperative during burn wound treatment and should incorporate pain relief targeted at both background and procedural pain. It also requires a multimodal, individualized, and targeted approach combining both pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical techniques, including cold running water, multimodal distraction devices, hypnotherapy, and bubbles. We discuss the research and knowledge that our center has gained through treating pediatric patients with burns over the last 20years.

Adaptive neurostimulation methods in correcting posttraumatic stress disorder and professional burnout syndrome

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of previously developed methods of adaptive neurostimulation in correcting stress-induced states in specialists who demonstrate signs of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and professional burnout syndrome (PBS). Materials and methods. Each of the 17 stressed subjects participated in three examinations, alternated in random order. In the control experiment (control), simple listening to classical music was used. In two other examinations, musical or light-musical stimulation was used, automatically modulated by feedback signals from the rhythmic components of the subject's electroencephalogram (EEG). In the first case (musical feedback), the subjects were presented with music-like stimuli formed on the basis of the subject's alpha EEG oscillator. In the second case (double feedback), such musical stimulation was supplemented by rhythmic light stimuli generated by on-line transformations of the native EEG of the subject. Results. Comparison of the effects of both experimental conditions with the control one allowed us to establish that only in the presence of feedback from the EEG, there is a significant increase in the power of alpha EEG rhythm, accompanied by positive emotional reactions, a decrease in the level of disadaptation and stress, as well as a significant increase in the assessments of health and mood of the subjects. The most pronounced psychophysiological effects were recorded under light-music stimulation with double feedback from the EEG. Conclusion. The obtained results make it possible to suggest the described methods of adaptive neurostimulation as a means of psychotherapeutic correction of PTSD and PBS, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2021, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod. All rights reserved.

WHOT, a Novel Tool to Assist Women Victims of Violence: A Case Study in the Brazilian Amazon

Violence against women is a problem faced in several ways, in various societies; however, the introduction of computational tools is something still little explored in this confrontation. Thus, it is necessary to invest in researches that bring technological development closer to the prevention, discovery, and combat of this form of violence. This paper presents the Women's Health Observer Tool (WHOT) that helps to build psychobehavioral profiles of women victims of violence, based on three features: i) recognition of facial expressions to infer emotions; ii) provision of digital questionnaires on intimate partner violence (IPV), adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); and iii) generation of individual reports with cross-references of statistical analysis between the data obtained in each interview. To validate the tool, a case study was conducted with 50 women assisted in basic health units in a city of the Brazilian Amazon for prenatal care. The results are satisfactory for the use of the tool, which was able to infer emotions (joy, surprise, sadness, and anger), and the prevalence of sadness (25.24%) was verified among the interviewees. For ACE, the majority (21) of the women reported having suffered only physical abuse; as for IPV, the majority of the interviewees (27) reported no abuse; and 78% of the women (39) had no indicative signs of PTSD. The results further point out that there is 3.94 more chance that the group of women who reported any abuse, either in childhood or adulthood, compared to the reference group, would develop PTSD.

WEAVING THERAPY AS A METHOD OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ACCOMPANYING OF PERSONS WITH SIGNS OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

The article considers weaving therapy as a means of developing mental operations of the individual, a way to distinguish between causal relationships in the individual's behavioural reactions. A positive effect on the cognitive, design, prognostic, informational, technological, reflective, analytical functions of the client’s thinking are revealed. The influence of weaving therapy during counselling of victims of violence is considered as a method of psychological support of people with signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as a type of socio-psychological adaptation of people with acute stress and PTSD. Factors influencing the process of psychosomatization and disruption of interpersonal relationships were identified.Based on the results of processing the theoretical material, a strategy of psychological support and behaviour correction by weaving therapy was formed, which includes four stages: initial interview (remote meeting) – second meeting (the focus of the psychocorrection process and concluding a contract for psychocorrectional work) – work in a training group – conducting an individual case.

Evaluation of Psychometric Properties of Professional Quality of Life Scale Among Nurses in Singapore

Nurses experience compassion fatigue (CF), depression, burnout (BO), and even signs of post-traumatic stress disorder. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL) among nurses in the Southeast Asia context. Psychometric testing of interitem correlations and reliability, and both convergent and discriminant validity, as well as construct validity analyses was conducted among 1,338 nurses from two academic centers in Singapore. Findings demonstrated significant interconstruct correlations among the three subscales of ProQOL, namely compassion satisfaction (CS), BO, and secondary traumatic stress (STS). ProQOL displayed satisfactory internal consistency and discriminant validity. Psychometric properties of the CS component were found to be satisfactory. ProQOL may be integrated into strategies in supporting and improving nurses' QoL which could focus to lessen BO and CF at work, as well as improving individual satisfaction in the care of patients.

Cognitive treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in the elderly. A longitudinal study

ObjectiveThis article aims to verify whether a cognitive treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) adapted to elderly subjects can lead to long-term improvement in symptomatology and quality of life. MethodWe present a longitudinal study of 32 subjects over the age of 65 years, with no cognitive impairment or mild impairment, residing in two nursing homes. We compare a target group (n=16) with PTSD treated with 20 CBT sessions and a control group (n=16) with PTSD without symptom treatment. The two groups are compared in four stages: (T1) before treatment of the target group's PTSD, (T2) after treatment of PTSD, (T3) after six months of follow-up and (T4) after 18 months of follow-up. The absence of cognitive impairment is verified with the MMSE. The evolution of PTSD is monitored with the CAPS. The evolution of the quality of life of the subjects in the target group is verified with the ADRQL. ResultsIf both groups show elevated PTSD symptoms at the beginning of the study (T1), the signs of PTSD disappear for the target group at the end of treatment (T2) at the same time as quality of life improves (scores more than doubled). These improvements continue for more than 18 months (T4). Conversely, the control group retains high PTSD symptoms, without significant decrease over time. ConclusionThe treatment of PTSD by cognitive-behavioural therapy adapted to elderly people without cognitive impairment, or with mild cognitive or memory disorders, allows for a lasting disappearance of symptoms and an improvement in quality of life.

Basic psychometric markers of post-traumatic stress disorder in combatants

In the study, the authors determined psychometric markers of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in combatants. The study was conducted during 2016—2018, 150 military personnel were examined. The sample was formed by the criterion of the PTSD presence/absence in combatants. Two groups of comparison were formed: the group 1 consisted of 93 persons with diagnosis of PTSD (F43.1) according to the ICD-10 criteria; the group 2 consisted of 57 conditionally healthy persons (without signs of PTSD). All the examined persons were men, their average age was 33.71 ± 1.34 years old. They were mainly sergeants and privates of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU), who served under the contract, the average duration of their participation in military actions was 214.7 ± 41.55 days. Research methods: clinical-psychopathological, clinical-anamnestic, psychodiagnostics ones: Mississippian Scale of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (military version) (T. M. Keane et al., 1987); Questionnaire for the Severity of Psychopathological Symptoms (SCL- 90-R) (L. R. Derogatis et al., 1977, adapted by V. Starcevic et al., 2000); Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (A. S. Zigmond, R. P. Snaith, 1983); The Scale of the Clinical Assessment of the Severity of Violations by Y. I. Levin (1995). The results of the investigation expanded the information on the mental status of the AFU combatants who took part in the military actions in the East of Ukraine, by means of quantified assessment of PTSD symptoms. An important component of the rehabilitation of combatants with PTSD is the establishment of an appropriate therapeutic environment the against patient-based approach in order to potentiate the psychological, psychotherapeutic work aimed at restoring the interrelations of combatants at the level of micro- and macroenvironment. Key words: combatants, post-traumatic stress disorder, post-stress mental disorder, combat mental trauma

Role of personality traits and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder among flood victims

Floods, which are frequent in France, can trigger a range of psychiatric problems. The most common is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although personality traits and cognitive emotion regulation strategies have already been shown to play a role in PTSD, the influence of these two dimensions and their interactions has seldom been explored among flood victims. We therefore set out to fill this lacuna, by PTSD symptoms, personality traits and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in 67 adults whose homes had been flooded. Results showed that the more participants used catastrophizing and rumination strategies, and the less they used putting into perspective and positive reappraisal strategies, the higher their PTSD symptom scores. High levels of neuroticism and catastrophizing were major risk factors for PTSD. Results also showed that putting into perspective moderated the influence of neuroticism as a risk factor. In conclusion, we recommend that flood victims showing signs of PTSD, especially those with elevated neuroticism, be offered therapeutic interventions designed foster the development of adaptive emotion regulation strategies such as putting into perspective and positive reappraisal.